Key Takeaways
- Teledyne Energy Systems (TES) hat ein Space Act Agreement mit dem NASA-Glenn Research Center und dem Johnson Space Center unterzeichnet.
- Die Partnerschaft wird das Hydrogen Electrical Power System (HEPS) von Technology Readiness Level (TRL) 5 auf TRL 7 bis Ende 2027 vorantreiben.
- HEPS ist eine hocheffiziente, luftunabhängige Wasserstoff-Brennstoffzelle, die 5 kW Dauerleistung bei >30 % elektrischer Effizienz im Vakuum und bei extremen Temperaturbedingungen liefern kann.
- Das System wird dafür positioniert, Mondhabitaten, Oberflächen-Mobilitätsplattformen und Tiefraummissionen zu versorgen und ergänzt die Roadmaps der NASA für Solarpaneele und Radioisotopen-Thermoelektrische Generatoren (RTG).
NASA-TES Collaboration Overview
Space Act Agreement Objectives
- Joint Development: Die NASA-Standorte Glenn und Johnson stellen Testkammern, Vakuum-Thermal-Einrichtungen und System-Engineering-Expertise bereit.
- Milestone-Driven Schedule:
- Pre-validation (TRL 5 → 6): Komponenten-Tests in simuliertem Mond-Vakuum (10⁻⁶ torr) und Temperaturschwankungen (-150 °C bis +120 °C).
- System-level Demonstration (TRL 6 → 7): Betrieb eines Voll-Skalen-HEPS-Prototyps für mindestens 10 000 h in einer Weltraum-Umgebungskammer.
Why Hydrogen Fuel Cells?
- Air-Independent: Anders als Solarpaneele ist HEPS nicht auf Sonnenlicht angewiesen und eignet sich daher ideal für dauerhaft beschattete Krater oder Missionen jenseits von 1 AU.
- High Energy Density: Flüssiger Wasserstoff (≈ 8 MJ kg⁻¹) liefert etwa 3× die spezifische Energie von Lithium-Ion-Batterien, die in aktuellen ISS-Modulen verwendet werden.
- Scalable Power: Modulare Stacks können kombiniert werden, um 10 kW oder mehr zu erreichen und größere Habitat- bzw. Rover-Energiebedarfe zu decken.
HEPS Technical Highlights
| Parameter | HEPS (Target) | Conventional Solar Array* | RTG (MMRTG) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Power Output | 5 kW (continuous) | 1–3 kW (depends on insolation) | 110 W (thermal → electrical) |
| Specific Power | 250 W kg⁻¹ | 50–80 W kg⁻¹ | 4 W kg⁻¹ |
| Efficiency | >30 % (electro-chemical) | 20–25 % (photovoltaic) | ~6 % (thermoelectric) |
| Mass (incl. H₂ storage) | ~20 kg (5 kW) | ~25 kg (3 kW) | ~45 kg |
| Operational Temperature | –150 °C to +120 °C | –120 °C to +100 °C (performance drops > 30 % below –50 °C) | –200 °C to +150 °C |
| Lifetime (rated) | 10,000 h (≥ 5 yr) | 15 yr (degradation ≈ 0.5 %/yr) | 14 yr (radioactive decay) |
| Launch Safety | Cryogenic H₂ (requires venting) | No propellant | Radioactive material (strict handling) |
*Solar array figures represent state-of-the-art multi-junction cells used on the Lunar Gateway.
Mission Applications
| Mission Type | Power Requirement | Preferred Source | Role of HEPS |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lunar Habitat (30-day stay) | 5–10 kW | Solar + Battery | Primary baseline, backup during eclipses and in permanently shadowed regions |
| Rover/Excavator (Artemis III) | 2–4 kW | Solar + Fuel Cell | Continuous power for drilling; eliminates need for large solar arrays |
| Deep-Space Probe (≥ 2 AU) | 0.5–2 kW | RTG or Fuel Cell | HEPS provides higher specific power, reducing spacecraft mass |
| Surface Science Platform | 1–3 kW | Solar + Battery | HEPS serves as a “night-time” power source for instruments in polar darkness |
Path to TRL 7
- Component Validation (2024-2025): Membrane electrode assemblies (MEA) tested for > 3,000 h durability; pressure-vessel certification for liquid-hydrogen tanks (ISO-11119-3).
- Integrated Prototype (2025-2026): 5 kW stack assembled, integrated with power-management electronics (PME) and thermal-control loops.
- Environmental Demonstration (2026-2027): Full-system run in NASA’s Large Vacuum-Thermal Test Facility (LVTTF) replicating lunar night (14 days, –173 °C).
- Flight-Ready Review (Late 2027): Independent NASA review to certify HEPS for inclusion in Artemis-based lunar logistics missions.
Bottom Line
The NASA-Teledyne partnership accelerates a hydrogen-fuel-cell power architecture that could become the workhorse for lunar outposts and deep-space explorers. By moving HEPS from TRL 5 to TRL 7 within the next three years, the collaboration delivers a high-specific-power, air-independent solution that outperforms both solar arrays and RTGs in mass, efficiency, and operational flexibility. If the scheduled milestones are met, HEPS will be ready for integration into Artemis-derived missions, offering NASA a robust, low-mass alternative for sustained human presence beyond Earth.